Posted inN3 Grammar

マスターしよう！ さらに (Sarani) の使い方 – Adding More to Your Japanese!

Posted inN3 Grammar
Japanese Grammar Template
Meaning & Usage

✨ Basic Meaning

Further, moreover, in addition, still more, furthermore, to a greater extent.

🎯 Primary Function

To add information, increase intensity, or show continuation or progression.

📋 Grammar Structure

さらに is primarily used as an adverb. It can precede verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or even entire clauses to modify them by adding emphasis, degree, or information. Structure: さらに + [Sentence/Phrase/Verb/Adjective/Adverb, etc.]

🎭 Usage Contexts

🏢 Formal Situations

Very common in formal speeches, presentations, business communications, and academic writing to add points or emphasize a higher degree.

😊 Informal Situations

Used, but less frequently than in formal contexts. Other expressions like もっと (motto) or あと (ato) might be more common for simple addition/intensity in casual speech.

✍️ Written Language

Extremely common in newspapers, books, reports, articles, and formal letters to link ideas or add detail/intensity.

🗣️ Spoken Language

Used in structured conversations, lectures, news broadcasts, and formal discussions, but might sound stiff in very casual chat.

💡 Common Applications

Adding an extra point or reason
Used to introduce an additional piece of information, reason, or condition, similar to “furthermore” or “in addition”.
Example: 今日の会議は３時に終わる予定ですが、さらに話し合うべき点があります。 (Kyō no kaigi wa sanji ni owaru yotei desu ga, sarani hanashiau beki ten ga arimasu.) – Today’s meeting is scheduled to end at 3 o’clock, but there are further points we should discuss.
Increasing degree or intensity
Used to indicate a higher level, extent, or intensity of something, meaning “even more” or “still more”.
Example: 昨日の雨は強かったですが、今日はさらに激しくなりました。 (Kinō no ame wa tsuyokatta desu ga, kyō wa sarani hageshiku narimashita.) – Yesterday’s rain was strong, but today it became even more intense.
Continuing a process or action
Used to describe something continuing or progressing to a further stage or distance.
Example: 彼は歩き続け、さらに遠くへ行った。 (Kare wa aruki tsuzuke, sarani tōku e itta.) – He continued walking and went even further away.
📊
Frequency
Medium to High, particularly prevalent in written Japanese and formal spoken contexts.
🎚️
Difficulty
Moderate. The core meaning is straightforward, but understanding its nuances and distinguishing it from similar adverbs/conjunctions requires practice.
Example Sentences
この製品は品質が良い。さらに価格も手頃だ。
This product is good quality. Furthermore, the price is also reasonable.
彼は日本語が上手になっただけでなく、さらに漢字もたくさん覚えました。
Not only did his Japanese improve, but in addition, he also memorized a lot of kanji.
練習すればするほど、さらに上手になります。
The more you practice, the better you will become.
Notes & Nuances

📌 Important Points

Emphasis on Addition/Increase
“さらに” often implies building upon what was previously mentioned, adding something *to* the existing state or list rather than just listing separate items. It can indicate a step forward or an increase.
Example: 気温が５度下がり、さらに風も強くなった。(Adding a condition that adds to the coldness)
Versatility
It can be used in various contexts to add points, increase degree, or show continuation.
Example: 研究をさらに進める。(Proceeding with research *further*)

⚠️ Common Mistakes

❌ Using it too casually in everyday conversation.
✅ In very casual situations, simpler expressions like 「それに」(sore ni) or 「あと」(ato) for adding things, or 「もっと」(motto) for simple “more” might be more natural.
“さらに” carries a slightly more formal or structured nuance than these alternatives.
❌ Using it when simply listing unrelated items.
✅ While it *can* add items, “さらに” often implies an item that is a progression, an intensification, or a logical addition building on the previous point. For simple lists, connectors like 「と」(to) or 「や」(ya) or listing conjunctions might be better.
“さらに” implies more than just placing items next to each other; it suggests an added layer or step.

🏛️ Cultural Context

Politeness Level: Generally neutral; suitable for both polite and standard speech/writing.
Social Situations: Appropriate in various situations, from business meetings and academic papers to news reports and personal writing, though its frequency is higher in more formal settings.
Regional Variations: No significant regional variations in meaning or usage.

🔍 Subtle Differences

さらに vs. もっと (motto)
もっと primarily means “more” in terms of quantity, frequency, or degree. さらに can also mean “more” (degree/quantity) but has the added function of meaning “furthermore” or “in addition” (adding points/steps).
When to use: Use もっと when strictly referring to “more” quantity or degree. Use さらに when adding a point/step or indicating a higher degree/extent that builds on the previous state.
さらに vs. その上 (sonoue) / 加えて (kuwaete)
その上 and 加えて are often used for adding points or conditions, similar to さらに in this function. 加えて is slightly more formal than その上. さらに can also serve this function but uniquely also carries the meaning of increasing degree/intensity or furthering a process.
When to use: Use その上 or 加えて when strictly adding another point or reason. Use さらに when adding a point, *or* when emphasizing an increase in degree/intensity, or the continuation/furthering of an action/state.
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📝 Conjugation Notes

「さらに」は副詞なので、活用（動詞や形容詞のように形が変わること）はありません。(Sarani is an adverb, so it does not conjugate like verbs or adjectives – its form does not change.)

🔊 Pronunciation Tips

さら (sara) is pronounced with flat intonation. に (ni) is pronounced normally.

🧠 Memory Tips

Think of “further steps” or “adding more layers”. Associate さらに with movement forward or adding on to something. Link it to the English “furthermore” or “even more”.

Practice Exercises
昨日の雨は強かったですが、今日は＿＿＿＿＿激しくなりました。 (Kinō no ame wa tsuyokatta desu ga, kyō wa _______ hageshiku narimashita.)
少し (sukoshi)
あまり (amari)
さらに (sarani)
全然 (zenzen)
この計画にはいくつかの問題点がある。＿＿＿＿＿資金も不足している。(Kono keikaku ni wa ikutsuka no mondaiten ga aru. _______ shikin mo fusoku shite iru.)
だから (dakara)
一方で (ippō de)
さらに (sarani)
たぶん (tabun)
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