Posted inN3 Grammar

Understanding 結果 (けっか): Expressing Results in Japanese

Posted inN3 Grammar
Japanese Grammar Template
Meaning & Usage

✨ Basic Meaning

“result,” “outcome,” “consequence.”

🎯 Primary Function

Connects a cause or process to its resulting outcome. It can function as a noun (result) or be used in grammar patterns like ～た結果 (as a result of doing…).

📋 Grammar Structure

Verb[た form] + 結果 (けっか) Noun + の + 結果 (けっか)

🎭 Usage Contexts

🏢 Formal Situations

Very common, especially when discussing outcomes of experiments, decisions, events, reports, etc.

😊 Informal Situations

Less common than formal settings but still used to describe personal outcomes.

✍️ Written Language

Frequently appears in reports, articles, academic papers, and formal correspondence.

🗣️ Spoken Language

Used in conversations when explaining why something happened or what the outcome was.

💡 Common Applications

Expressing the outcome of an action/event
Used with the past tense (た form) of a verb to show the result of that action.
Example: 一生懸命勉強した結果、試験に合格することができました。 (As a result of studying hard, I was able to pass the exam.)
Expressing the result of a process or event (as a noun)
Used with a noun followed by の to show the result of that noun/event.
Example: 彼の研究の結果、新しい事実が明らかになった。(As a result of his research, new facts became clear.)
Using as a standalone noun
結果 itself means “result” and can be used as a simple noun.
Example: その結果は予想外だった。(That result was unexpected.)
📊
Frequency
High, especially in analytical or descriptive contexts.
🎚️
Difficulty
Medium for N3. The core meaning is simple, but understanding the nuances when connecting clauses can be tricky.
Example Sentences
一生懸命勉強した結果、試験に合格することができました。
As a result of studying hard, I was able to pass the exam.
何度も話し合った結果、お互いの意見を理解できた。
As a result of discussing many times, we were able to understand each other’s opinions.
彼の研究の結果、新しい事実が明らかになった。
As a result of his research, new facts became clear.
Notes & Nuances

📌 Important Points

Often implies a cause-and-effect relationship.
What comes before 結果 is the cause/process, and what comes after is the outcome.
Example: よく考えた結果、留学を決めた。(After thinking carefully, I decided to study abroad. – Thinking carefully caused the decision).
Can sometimes imply an undesirable outcome, though not always.
Depending on the context, the result described might be negative.
Example: 無理なダイエットをした結果、体を壊してしまった。(As a result of doing an unreasonable diet, I ruined my health.)

⚠️ Common Mistakes

❌ Using other verb forms instead of the た form.
✅ Always use the plain past tense (た form) for verbs before 結果.
結果 expresses the result of a *completed* action or process.
❌ undefined
✅ undefined
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🏛️ Cultural Context

Politeness Level: Generally neutral to slightly formal, suitable for most situations where consequences are discussed.
Social Situations: Used when explaining the background or reason behind a situation or decision, especially in professional or somewhat formal contexts.
Regional Variations: Standard Japanese, no significant regional variations.

🔍 Subtle Differences

～ので vs. ～た結果
～ので indicates a reason or cause (often subjective or a simple fact). ～た結果 emphasizes the *outcome* or *consequence* of a specific action or process and is more formal/analytical.
When to use: Use ～た結果 when you want to highlight the end state or outcome resulting *specifically* from the preceding action/process. Use ～ので for simple reasons.
～て vs. ～た結果
～て often links sequential actions or provides a reason/manner. ～た結果 specifically focuses on the direct outcome or conclusion derived from the preceding action/process.
When to use: Use ～た結果 when the second part is the direct, significant result of the first part. Use ～て for simpler connections or sequences.
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When to use: undefined

📝 Conjugation Notes

Verb takes plain past tense (た form). Noun takes の.

🔊 Pronunciation Tips

けっか (Kekka) – double consonant っ (small tsu) indicates a slight pause before か.

🧠 Memory Tips

Think of it as “as a result of [action], [outcome occurred].” Connect it to the kanji meanings: 結 (to conclude) and 果 (result).

Practice Exercises
彼は毎日日本語を勉強した＿＿、JLPT N3に合格できた。
とき
ので
結果
たら
長時間の議論の＿＿、最終的な決定が下された。
ため
あいだ
結果
理由
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