Meaning & Usage
✨ Basic Meaning
Furthermore, moreover, or even more.
🎯 Primary Function
To indicate an increase in degree, depth, or to add supplementary information to a previous statement.
📋 Grammar Structure
[Sentence 1]。さらに、[Sentence 2] / さらに + Verb (e.g., さらに増える)
さらに + I-Adjective (e.g., さらに美しい)
さらに + Na-Adjective (e.g., さらに便利だ)
さらに + Negative Form (e.g., さらに良くない)
🎭 Usage Contexts
Formal Situations
Extremely common in business reports, academic papers, and news broadcasts.
Informal Situations
Used less frequently in casual conversation; ‘motto’ or ‘soreni’ are often preferred.
Written Language
Very common in essays, news articles, and formal letters.
Spoken Language
Used in polite speeches (desu/masu form) or professional presentations.
💡 Common Applications
Emphasizing Change
Used to show that a current state or trend is intensifying or continuing in the same direction.
Example: さらに悪化する (Worsen further)
Adding Information
Used as a conjunction at the beginning of a sentence to provide additional points or facts.
Example: さらに、以下の点にも注意してください。 (Furthermore, please note the following points.)
Comparative Emphasis
Functions like an adverb to emphasize a comparative degree, similar to “even more” in English.
Example: さらに速く (Even faster)
Frequency
High. It is a staple in news, business, and formal writing.
Difficulty
JLPT N3 (Intermediate)
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Example Sentences
Example #1
雨がさらに激しくなりました。
Furigana: あめがさらにはげしくなりました。
Romaji: Ame ga sarani hageshiku narimashita.
English: The rain became even more intense.
Example #2
明日はさらに気温が下がるでしょう。
Furigana: あしたはさらにきおんがさがるでしょう。
Romaji: Ashita wa sarani kion ga sagaru deshou.
English: The temperature is expected to drop even further tomorrow.
Example #3
さらに詳しく調査する必要があります。
Furigana: さらにくわしくちょうさするひつようがあります。
Romaji: Sarani kuwashiku chousa suru hitsuyou ga arimasu.
English: We need to investigate this matter in further detail.
Example #4
彼は優秀ですが、さらに努力家でもあります。
Furigana: かれはゆうしゅうですが、さらにどりょくかでもあります。
Romaji: Kare wa yuushuu desu ga, sarani doryokuka de mo arimasu.
English: He is brilliant, but furthermore, he is a very hard worker.
Example #5
このアプリは更新されて、さらに使いやすくなった。
Furigana: このアプリはこうしんされて、さらにつかいやすくなった。
Romaji: Kono apuri wa koushin sarete, sarani tsukaiyasuku natta.
English: The app was updated and became even easier to use.
Example #6
円安が進み、さらに物価が上がっている。
Furigana: えんやすがすすみ、さらにぶっかがあがっている。
Romaji: En’yasu ga susumi, sarani bukka ga agatte iru.
English: The yen is weakening, and prices are rising even further.
Example #7
彼女はさらに二つの言語を習得した。
Furigana: かのじょはさらにふたつのげんごをしゅうとくした。
Romaji: Kanojo wa sarani futatsu no gengo wo shuutoku shita.
English: She mastered two more languages on top of what she already knew.
Example #8
失敗を恐れず、さらに挑戦し続けよう。
Furigana: しっぱいをおそれず、さらにちょうせんしつづけよう。
Romaji: Shippai wo osorezu, sarani chousen shitsuzukeyou.
English: Let’s continue to challenge ourselves even more without fearing failure.
Example #9
景色は美しかったが、夕焼けでさらに輝いて見えた。
Furigana: けしきはうつくしかったが、ゆうやけでさらにかがやいてみえた。
Romaji: Keshiki wa utsukushikatta ga, yuuyake de sarani kagayaitet mieta.
English: The scenery was beautiful, but it looked even more radiant in the sunset.
Example #10
彼はすでに有名だが、その映画でさらに人気が出た。
Furigana: かれはすでにゆうめいだが、そのえいがでさらににんきがでた。
Romaji: Kare wa sudeni yuumei daga, sono eiga de sarani ninki ga deta.
English: He was already famous, but he became even more popular after that movie.
Notes & Nuances
📌 Important Points
Degree of Progression
It often implies a progression from an already high or low baseline.
Example: 明日はさらに暑くなります。
Conjunctive Use
When starting a sentence, it adds a new fact that reinforces the previous sentence.
Example: さらに、彼は英語も話せます。
⚠️ Common Mistakes
❌ さらに練習してください。 (In a casual setting)
✅ もっと練習してください。
‘Sarani’ feels a bit stiff for a direct casual command or personal desire. ‘Motto’ is more natural when expressing ‘more’ in daily activities.
🏛️ Cultural Context
Politeness Level: Medium to High. It sounds objective and professional.
Social Situations: Used when you want to sound more logical, precise, or descriptive, especially in professional environments.
Regional Variations: Standard Japanese; no significant regional variations.
🔍 Subtle Differences
さらに vs. もっと (Motto)
‘Sarani’ is more formal and objective. ‘Motto’ is more subjective and common in daily life.
When to use: Use ‘Sarani’ for data, trends, or formal speeches. Use ‘Motto’ for personal feelings or casual requests.
さらに vs. その上 (Sono ue)
‘Sonoue’ emphasizes ‘on top of that’ (adding a separate quality). ‘Sarani’ emphasizes the ‘degree’ of the same quality increasing.
When to use: Use ‘Sonoue’ to list distinct traits (He is kind and on top of that rich). Use ‘Sarani’ for continuous growth.
📝 Conjugation Notes
‘Sarani’ is an adverb and does not conjugate. It is often written in Hiragana (さらに), though the Kanji (更に) is also used.
🔊 Pronunciation Tips
The accent is usually flat. Avoid putting too much stress on any single syllable.
🧠 Memory Tips
Think of ‘Sarani’ as ‘More-ani’. It sounds more formal and ‘grown-up’ compared to the simple ‘motto’. It often pairs with verbs of change like ‘naru’ (become), ‘fueru’ (increase), or ‘heru’ (decrease).
Other Grammar
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